Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is typically characterized by a pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms of ADHD can vary and are sometimes difficult to recognize; many of the individual symptoms can occasionally be exhibited by anyone. For a diagnosis, however, the symptoms must be chronic and pervasive, impacting the individual’s functioning in multiple areas of their life, including home, school, work, and social settings.
Symptoms of ADHD are typically grouped into two categories of behavioral problems:
Other Associated Issues:
ADHD is diagnosed based on criteria outlined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). To be diagnosed with ADHD, children must have at least six symptoms from one of the two categories listed above, for at least six months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities. Often, these symptoms will present before the age of 12.
Treatment for ADHD may include:
It is important for parents and teachers to remember that ADHD can vary widely from person to person and symptoms may improve as the child ages. However, many adults with ADHD still need ongoing support and accommodations to help manage their symptoms. With appropriate strategies and support, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and productive lives.
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