Pediatric nephrologists are specialized medical doctors who diagnose and treat various kidney-related problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Some of the most common issues that they treat include:
- Congenital kidney anomalies: Pediatric nephrologists are often involved in the diagnosis and management of congenital kidney abnormalities that are present from birth. These may include conditions such as polycystic kidney disease, renal dysplasia, and obstructive uropathy.
- Nephrotic syndrome: This is a condition in which the kidneys leak protein into the urine, leading to swelling and other complications. Pediatric nephrologists manage the diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care of children with nephrotic syndrome.
- Acute kidney injury: AKI is a sudden decrease in kidney function that can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, medication toxicity, and infection. Pediatric nephrologists are often involved in the diagnosis and management of AKI in children.
- Chronic kidney disease: CKD is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose function over time. Pediatric nephrologists manage children with CKD, including those who require dialysis or kidney transplantation.
- Hematuria and proteinuria: These are conditions in which blood or protein is present in the urine, which can be a sign of underlying kidney disease. Pediatric nephrologists manage the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
- Urinary tract infections: UTIs are common in children and can cause kidney damage if left untreated. Pediatric nephrologists are often involved in the management of complicated or recurrent UTIs.
- Hypertension: High blood pressure can be a complication of kidney disease, and pediatric nephrologists are often involved in the management of hypertension in children.
- Electrolyte disorders: Pediatric nephrologists manage electrolyte imbalances such as sodium, potassium, and calcium abnormalities that can result from kidney disease or other conditions.
- Renal transplantation: Pediatric nephrologists work closely with transplant surgeons to evaluate and manage children who require kidney transplantation.
- Inherited kidney diseases: Certain genetic conditions such as Alport syndrome, Fabry disease, and cystinosis affect the kidneys, and pediatric nephrologists are involved in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.
Overall, Pediatric nephrologists play a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of various kidney-related problems in children, helping to ensure that they receive appropriate care and support for their kidney health.