Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes back into the kidneys. This reverse flow can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and, in severe cases, kidney damage. VUR is particularly concerning in children because it can affect their growth and kidney development. The condition is most commonly diagnosed in infancy and early childhood.
VUR is classified into two main types based on its cause:
Many children with VUR do not have symptoms and are diagnosed after a UTI leads to further evaluation. Symptoms when they occur, may include:
In infants, symptoms can be more nonspecific, such as:
VUR is often diagnosed after a child has a UTI. Diagnostic tests may include:
Treatment for VUR depends on its severity, the child’s age, and whether the child has UTIs. Options include:
The outlook for children with VUR is generally good, especially for those with lower grades of reflux, which often improve or resolve with age. For more severe cases, timely treatment can usually prevent kidney damage and ensure normal kidney function. Regular follow-up with a pediatric urologist or nephrologist is important to monitor the child’s condition and adjust treatment as needed.
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