Tachycardia in children refers to an abnormally fast heart rate. The heart rate considered normal varies with age; younger children have naturally higher heart rates than older children and adults. In general, tachycardia in children is defined as a heart rate that is faster than the normal range for their age.
Causes of tachycardia in children can vary and may include:
- Fever: Elevated body temperature can increase heart rate.
- Dehydration: Lack of sufficient fluids in the body can lead to an increased heart rate.
- Anxiety or Stress: Emotional stress or anxiety can cause temporary increases in heart rate.
- Physical Activity: Intense or prolonged exercise can cause tachycardia.
- Infections: Certain infections, especially if they involve the heart, can lead to tachycardia.
- Medications: Some medications, including over-the-counter cold and cough medications, can cause an increased heart rate.
- Heart Conditions: Congenital heart defects, arrhythmias, or other heart diseases can be underlying causes of tachycardia.
- Anemia: Low levels of hemoglobin or red blood cells can lead to increased heart rate as the body tries to supply enough oxygen.
- Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland can cause tachycardia.
Symptoms accompanying tachycardia in children can vary depending on the underlying cause. Besides a rapid heart rate, children might experience dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting spells. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all, and the condition is discovered during a physical examination.
Diagnosis of tachycardia involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the electrical activity of the heart, echocardiogram to view the heart structure, and possibly blood tests to check for underlying conditions like anemia or thyroid disorders.
Treatment for tachycardia in children depends on the cause. If it’s due to a temporary situation like fever or dehydration, addressing the underlying issue may resolve the tachycardia. In cases where tachycardia is due to a heart condition or other medical issue, treatment might involve medications, lifestyle changes, or in some cases, surgical procedures.
If a child experiences a rapid heart rate, especially if it’s accompanied by other symptoms like chest pain, difficulty breathing, or fainting, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. Regular check-ups are also important, especially if there is a family history of heart problems or if the child has other health issues that could potentially affect the heart.